Automatic firearm



Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. coLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 1e,` 1929 6Sheets-Sheet l BY to ATTORNEYS.

Wmv

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. COLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 16, 1929 6sheets-sheet 2 NNN - INVENTO. @Urles S. Gole" Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. COLEAUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 16 1929 6 Slxeecs-Sheet 3 Sw a Y Q\\\\\ sm2M @u .N am um Kv MQW f n o T MS, vw MM m .6 YA'W B L u @w GQ Sw am mms@ Gv m @u Mw .si \\N @N su @u hm um Mm mM Nk ww A TTORNE YS.

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. coLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 FiledNov. 16

INVENTOR. (/Lar/es 51 Cole ATTORNEYS.

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. coLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 FiledNov. 16

IN VEN TOR. arles Ca Ze A TTORNE YS.

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. COLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 16, 1929 6Sheets-Sheet 6 III-l.

Patented Feb. 9, 1932v CHARLES SCHNEIDER COLE, F SANDY HOOK, CONNECTICUTAUTOMATIG FIREARM Application filed November 16, 1929. SerialNo.-407,738.

. The invention relates to automatically self operated guns such asareadapted to project a bullet or projectile, by means of gun powder orother propellant contained in fixed ammunition such as a cartridge, andwhich may be fedto a liring chamber in a barrel from a magazinecontaining one or more cartridges, or from a belt for holding the same,as in a machine gun.

0 The invention is specifically applicable to 9 of supply such as amagazine, into the chamber of the gun, cock the firing mechanism, closeand lock the breech and leave the machine in condition to fire anothershot at the This is an automatic repeating rifle which lires a shot asmany times as the operator pulls the trigger, until the magazine isemptied. In addition to being gas operated it also utilizes, recoilingparts, both working the controlled toggle action.

An object of the invention is to provide a gun action in which a breechand a barrel are opened, closed, locked together and unlocked by means'of a toggle pair actuated and controlled in direction and extent ofmovement by a third toggle link connected thereto and itself beingdriven by any power generated by a gun discharge.

To providea long and short toggle link @5 whose operative ends move in acoinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun actionand whose mutually connected ends travel relatively about the operativeend of the short link and in closed position aligns 7g forward of one ofsaid operating ends on a common center line.

Further to include a control l1nk connecin combination, the inertia ofwill of the operator.

2 The above reference to using a direct or resultant portion of theenergy of discharge to operate the gun mechanism, means using thecompressed gas of explosion, recoil of the gun barrel or gun mounting orany other of the various physical energies liberated from the componentsof a cartridge, and acting or at work during the cycle of discharge of agun. It also contemplates a temporary storing of any of these parcels ofenergy and us- 33 ing them in a secondary manner immediately aftercompletion of the firing; by the instrumentalities of gas, storagechambers, masses of metal subject to inertia, l accelerated weights, orthe reaction of the mounting or operator.V

The type ofgun herein shown and used by meto illustrate an applicationof the invention is known as a gas operated military shoulder rie inwhich the barrel is fixed, the

:breach movable, and a cylinder and piston used for functioning of thegun, by the action of the explosion through `the medium of a portion ofthe gas thereof, which passes through a port in the barrel back from themuzzle, before the bullet has left the gun.

tion intermediate the end of the short link for operating the same andto provide means for moving the said control link so that its operatedJend will move in a rectilinear manner and Whose center line betweenpivotal centers, will be perpendicular to the common center line of themain toggle members, in closed position.

To provide a pair of sears which will limit firing to one discharge onlyper trigger pull and to provide a hand safety device adapted to lockboth sears and triggery at the same time; to further design an automaticsafety for locking trigger back as Well as forward if the breech is notclosed and finally to provide means for holding the gun action open,sears and trigger locked.

The construction includes an unequal legged toggle, movement of which isimpossi ble unless the toggle is broken, by a slight upward circularmovementof the joint C about either D or E as a fulcrum; and with D asla fixed fulcrum, great power is exerted at the start of movement to pushthe longer arm'134 outward, as the arcs vof he mutual joint C about Eand D are tangent, Fig. 30, and Anp v short of an actuatingcontrollinglink for working the toggle, which may be pivoted at any point of thearms, depending upon the character'o action desired, this beingdetermined by the form of ammunition used. c

The members of this toggle, especlally the I ends D and E, may be madeto take the mechanical stress of any gun in which they are incorporated,or they may be simply actuating means with auxiliary abutments, locks,or

' fastenings, which come into position when vao l section through theoperatable the toggle is either opened or closed. In certaintypes ofguns of low power, the toggle and pins are suciently strong to hold thechamber or firing pressure together with the reaction or recoil of theprojectile, but in others, higher powered, certain locking lugs formedintegrally with the 'breech block, receiver or barrel respectivelyareadvisably interposed directly in line with the pivots D and E whenthe breech is closed, as at Figs. 3, 5, 15, 28 and 30, being positionedso that the strain comes upon them and not upon the pivots or joint pinsthemselves.

A fuller understanding of the invention will be had from the followingdetailed description of the construction which embodies the features ofthe invention as applied in their preferred form to a shoulder gun orriie, in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part ofthis specification and vthe novel features of the invention will then bespecifically pointed out in the claims.

Fig. 1 shows a top plan view of my improved gun; Y

Fig. 2 is a right side elevation of the same, known as the bolt side ofa riie;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, longitudinal vertical gun, including themagazine;

Fig. 4 is a similarly enlarged right slde elevation'of the operatableportion of the gun,

in the act of e]ecting a blank shell, the gunv stock being omitted; Y

Fig. 5 is a similar side elevatlonal view with the operatable parts in aclosed position;

Fig. 6 shows a bottom plan view of Fig. 5, the gun stock being removed;

Fig. 7 is a further enlarged vertical longitudinal section of the most.of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3; Y

Fig. 8 shows an enlarged top plan view of the trigger safety device,also shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 7;

Fig. 9 shows an enlarged rear or butt end view of the gun, having g\mstock attached;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged vertical cross section taken on line 10-10 ofFig. 3;

Fig. 11l is a similarly enlarged cross section taken on line 11-11 ofFig. 3;

portion o theA l Fig. 12 is another vertical cross section taken on line12-12 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 13 is a further vertical cross section taken on line 13-13 of Fig.3;

Fig. 14 is a vertical cross section taken through the forward end of gunas on line 1414 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 15 shows a longitudinal sectionaliplan view taken on line 15-15 ofFig. 3, the loading mechanism being in a different position;

Fig. 16 is a detached top plan view of the stripped breech block on aslightly enlarged scale from that shown in Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a bottom plan of the breech block;

Fig. 18 is a sideelevation of the breech block; Fig. 19 is a front endview of the stripped breech block;

Fig. 20 is an enlarged detached rear end view of the stripped receiver;

Fig. 21 is an enlarged side elevation of same;

Fig. 21a is a vertical cross section through the receiver taken on line2la of Fig. 2l;

Fig. 22 shows a front end vi-ew of receiver shown in Figs. 20 and 21;

Fig. 23 shows a side elevation of hand bolt operating means, as the samewould appear if applied to Fig. 21;

Fig. 24 is a bottom plan view of hand bolt, as the same would appear ifapplied to Fig. 25;

Fig. 25 is a bottom plan view of receiver shown in Fig. 21;

Fig. 26 is a detached top edge view of associated toggle members andactuating link, in open position; v

Fig. 27 is a side elevation of associated toggle members and actuatinglink, in open position as shown in Fig. 26;

Fig. 28 shows a horizontal section through toggle members and actuatinglink shown in Fig. 26, in a closed` position, and part of receiver andbreech block;

Fig. 29 is a detached top edge view of toggle membersvand actuating linkin closed po-A sition; and

Fig. 30 is a side view of toggle members',

and actuating link as shown in Fig. 29.

Referrin in detail to the characters of reference mar ed upon thedrawings, 33 represents the gnn'stock havin a metal butt plate 34secured to the shou der end thereof. 35 is the usual form of shoulderstrap or gun sling which is attached to swivels 36, one attached to theunderside of the butt stock and the other to a band 37 encircling theforegrip of gun stock and the hand guard 38 fitted over the barrel andto the stock.

39 represents the receiver and sight bridge as a whole, see Figs. 20 and21, where it is shown detached in side elevation and plan. This receiveras shown is adapted' to be secured within a pocket of the gun stock andK forward movement.

not only serves as a receiver or container for the cartridges, but alsoserves to support the greater portion of the operating parts of the gun.represents an extension of the receiver in which is formed a threadedbore 41 for the attachment of the barrel 42, and also serves to form areinforcement of the same. This receiver also includes alignedoppositely positioned trunnions 43 for the attachment af toggle links,later to be described, and is iurther provided with oppositelypositioned guide-ways 44--44 for the slidable breech block 45, again tobe referred to. A vertical bore 46 is formed in the rear end portion ofthe receiver to accommodate a vertical pivotal shank 47 of a safetydevice 48 for the trigger mechanism. 49 represents the maga- Zine wellwithin the receiver and from which the ammunition 50 is automaticallyfed to the gun barrel 42. A floor plate 51, see Fig. 7, is secured tothe receiver and gun stock by means of screws 52 and 53 and serves toinclose mechanism within the receiver and forms a guard 54 for thetrigger. This plate includes an elongated opening 55 that aligns withthe bottom end of the magazine'well and serves to receive the detachableclosure plate 56. The forward end of this closure plate engages a recess57 in the forward end portion of the Hoor plate and is provided near itsopposite end with a hole 58 and a shoulder 59, the latter being adaptedfor holding the plate in place, to be engaged by a spring actuated hook60 pivotedly hung in said floor plate and normally adapted to bepositioned against a stop pin 61 to limit its movement. The free end ofthis hook is positioned in alignment with the opening 58 and is adaptedto be operated to release the plate, by the insertion of the pointed endof a cartridge or other instrument, so that the plate may be detachedand the cartridges removed, should occasion require. The magazine wellholds ten cartridges which are under constant .ver-

tical pressure exerted by a follower plate 62 actuated by an accordionspring 63 positioned between the follower plate and the closure plate ina way to support the cartridges and elevate them with parallel movementfor engagement by the loading mechanism.

The receiver also includes a chamber 64 to receive the hammer 65,trigger 66 and a pair of spring actuated sears67 and 68 of the firingmechanism. n

'Ihe breech block 45, shown detached in plan and side elevation in Figs.16 and'18, includes longitudinal guideways (S9-69, Fig. 19, to engagecorresponding ways 44-44 on the sides of the receiver and whereby it isadapted to reciprocate on the receiver, for the purpose of ejecting theexploded shells, cooking the hammer on its backward movement, andchambering the cartridges'upon its This breech block may be manuallyoperated in its reciprocatory movements through suitable .togglemechanism `by an operating handle and slide bar 70 later to bedescribed. The breech block further includes a central longitudinal bore71 in which the firing pin 72 is mounted for limited sliding movement.The rear end of this pin, when the breech block is in its for-` ward orclosed position, is in alignment with, and exposed to be struck, by thehammer 65 whereas the smaller and forward endis posi-` tioned in linewith the cartridge primer in the gun barrel' and adapted to strike itwhen driven forward by the hammer.

A recess 73 is formed in the receiver adjacent the upper end of thebefore mentioned hole 46 to receive the head -74 of the positionablesafety ldevice 48. A spring actuated detent pin 75 is positioned in thishead and its operating handle and has its forward end projected into agroove 76 in the side wall of the recess and into which said free end ofthe pin slides for seating in either of the pockets 77 when in registertherewith, to re tain the safety in either its locked or unlockedposition. One side of the lower end portion of the rocker shank 47 iscut away as at 78 to permit the projected shoulder portion 79 of thetrigger 66 to swing clear when the safety arm is projected to the right,in the firing position, as shown in Fig. l. On the top surface of thesafety is a small lug 80 which, when in firing position,slidesinactively in a groove 81 and in which also slides a fixedcartridge knockout lug 82 on the receiver. If the operating handle ofthe safety is thrown to safe position to the left while the breech blockis in its rear open position, the lug 80 is moved to a transverseposition and engages afnotch 83 in the breech block thereby holding thegun open for reloading,

cleaning or other purposes.

84 represents an automatic safety bar, the forward end portion of whichis slidably guided in ways 85 on the hand slide of the receiver. Therear end of this slide rod is pivotedly connected to the trigger 66 andupon the top side of its forward end is provided a pair of notches 86forming a double cam into which rests an arrow head 87 upon the end of alatch 88 pivotally supported at "ils 89 to a depending boss 90 in theside of the receiver. This latchv 88 is `provided with an upwardly.extended lug 91 for engagement with the rear end of the hand slide 92,.so that when said slide bolt is shoved forward to its extreme positionand the action correspondingly locked, the latch 88 is free to raiseback of the end of the hand slide, and the trigger is free to beoperated, whereas, iffor any reason,'the action is not entirely closedor while the gun is open during ',flringand the said slide 92 not vinits extreme forward position, the latch 88 will be depressed and helddownvin one of the notches in 'a way to prevent operation of thetrigger. "93 `is a 2 sov spring, see Fig. 5, ythat is supported aroundthe trigger pin94 and an upper pin 95. This 'spring is a U-sha'pedspring, alike on the two sides of the trigger, with the trigger hangingvin the-loop of the U for engagement and mainvided 'with springs 101 and102 which normally tend to force said free ends into, the notch 99 ofthe hammer. The hammer engaging end of the firing sear 68 is slightlyshorter than the hammer engaging end of the automatic sear 67. Thetrigger has formed upon its upper end .concentric with its pin 94 afiring cam 103 that engages the rear leg of firing sear 68 and a shortercam 104 engaging the rear leg of the automatic Sear 67.

Fig. 7 shows the position of the parts immediately following tiring andrecoil, wherein the automatic sear 67 has come forward to engage thenotch of the hammer, the hammer still being depressed by the breechblock, leaving the shorter leg of the Sear 67 in contact with the cam104. The tiring sear 68 is being held out of engagement with the hammerby the cam 103, but with the partial release of the trigger, the tiringcam 103 lets down the tiring Sear 68 and retires the automatic sear 67so that when the trig er is fully released, the firing sear is entire yreleased and the position of the automatic sear and firing scar areexactly reversed from their former position shown 1n Fig. 7. Just priorto reaching this final position and at a point when the forward leg ofthe automatic sear 67 has moved out of en agement with the hammer, thesaid hammer y virtue of its spring takes a small movement forward,resting on the short leg of the firing sear 68 in cocked posi'- tion,said vtiring scar having, as mentioned before, a shorter forward legthan the automatic sear 67. Thisl mechanism is for the purpose ofpreventing the gun from being fired more than once without fullyreleasing the trigger.

Upon the rear of the magazine wall is formed a knockout lug- 82 whichslides in a groove 81 on the under side of the breech block 45 andengagesthe bottom of the shell when pulled back with the block `bythe-extractor 105, thereby .knocking it out of the gun when fired andthe action opened. The cartridge extractor is carried by the breechblock 45 and serves to withdraw the shell with the rearward movement ofvthe 123, forming joint A.

breech block and has a limited independent Eilse kand fall movement uponthe breech oc Underneath Vthe barrel 42 and between it and the gun stockis a gas cylinder 106 closed at its forward end by port plug 107 havinga port 108 in registry with a like port 109 in the barrel 42. A yokeferrule 110 encircles the forward ends of the stock, barrel and plug,and has its lower portion split and secured together by a screw' 111,the plug being positioned and fastened in the gas cylinder 106 inalignment with the piston 112 in a. way to receive gas through the port109 of the barrel to act upon the piston 112 within the gas chamber 106.The piston rod 113 is provided with a key integral 114 for engagementwith the slidable action yoke 115. This key is turned circular on itstop side, see Fig. 12, and flat upon its under side and fits into acorresponding matrix socket in the ac- "tion yoke 115. This action yokeis free to slide backward and forward uponl the barrel, between the endof the extension of the receiver 40, and the circular flange 116 formedon the barrel, with each movement of the piston and recoil spring 122,the piston serving to operate the assembly in one directionV and 'thespring in the other. This action yokeis enclosed, see Fig. 12, by thewood gun stock 33 and hand guard 38. The end of this tubular piston rodis fianged andv rests against the rear side of the action yoke as at 117to further secure the parts together. The piston 112 and its rod 113 arefurther secured by a detachable plate 118 adapted to be positioned inways 119, Fig. 24, of the yoke and having a struck up tongue 120 whichsnaps in back of the flanged end 117 of the tubular piston rod.Telescoping into the tubular piston rod 113 is a guide tube 121, therearwardtenlarged end of which is held in position by the screw 52seated in the floor plate, and upon this tube is mounted a recoil spring122 whose forward end abuts against the end flange 117 of the piston rodand serves to maintain the action yoke inA a forward position and therifle closed.

123 represents an action bar, the forward Yend of'which is-^secured\-totheV action yoke 115 by means of screws 124. The under side of the rearend of this action bar is provided with dovetail ways 125 that engageand slide in a corresponding dovetail 126 formed upon the top side ofthe extension 4 0 of the receiver so as to allow of free reciprocationof the said action bar on the top side ofthe barrel. A transverse hole127 is formed through the rear end portion of this action bar.

screw 130 in a manner to leave them free to oscillate within thehole12l`? of the action bar h link Xt d ee `s e en down along the sidesof the extension 40 of receiver and the barrel and operate yin and outof the clearance pockets 131 formed .in opposite sides of the receiver,and are-pivotally connected as at B with the short links 132 of the maintoggle by means of trunnions and screws 133.

The particular point of connection B of the operating link with thetoggle link is determined by the ratio of travel of the act-ion yoke tothe length of the cartridge for which the gun is designed. Shortcartridges would require lthis connection to be located at or nearer themutual joint than shown in the drawings, while longer cartridges wouldnecessitate said connection being placed nearer the fixed fulcrum of theshort link. y

In Figs. 26 to 30 inclusive, I have shown what is called an unequaltoggle which forms one of a pair used on my gun. |Ihis toggle when inclosed position as shown in Figs. 1 and 30, is not adapt-ed to be movedunless broken by slight circular movement of the joint C about D as afixed fulcrum, the fulcrum D being at the end of the short link 132attached to the receiver and around which all movements take place. Theshort links of the two toggles are pivotally connected as at C to thelong toggle links 134 whose other ends are hingedly connected to thebreech block 45 as at E by being provided with hub portions 147 that'arepositioned to turn in sockets 148 of the breech block, and are held inturning relation by means of a key 149 that is hingedly attached to the,breech block as at 150, so as to allow the parts to be readilyassembled. The long link 134 is further provided with lips 135 which arecarried therewith and adapted to be seated in correspondingly shapedrecesses 136 of the receiver when the toggle is in its forward closedposition, see Figs. 15 and 28. This construction, when the toggle isclosed, serves to form a more rigid structure and prevents any tendencyof the parts to spread laterally.

Locking lugs 137 are formed on the breech block for the double purposeof providing a bearing for the hub pivot E of the long link and takingthe strain of the explosion, which obviously tends to separate thebarrel from its breech. A like lug 138, and for the same purpose, isformed upon the receiver extenson 40, whose forward face forms an arcconcentric with the circular hub portion of the short link as at D andreceives the eX- plosive strain transmitted through the links, thusforming a locked linkage whose joints are all in abutment longitudinallyand locked laterally by the lips and recesses 135 and 136 respectively.v

The mutual joint C of the toggle, as between the radially movable end ofthe short toggle and the associated end of the long toggle, is formed byproviding an outwardly projected stud 139, upon the short arm, having anannular groove 140 upon its outer end portion which projects beyond thesurface of the long link, when the stud is positioned in the hole ofthelong link, as when assembled. The long link is also provided with apin 141, the outer end portion of which also projects slightly and isprovided with a like annular recess 142 similar to that formed in thestud 139. This means, together with the attached associated key plate143, serves to hold the associated ends of the toggles together. Thiskey plate is provided with two key-hole shaped orifices 144 and 145, oneto receive and interlock with the groove of the stud 139 and the otherto receive and interlock with the groove in the pin 141, the method ofattachment being to apply the plate over the ends of the stud and pinand slide plate longitudinally into engagement with the annular grooves,vwhereupon'the spring of the plate snaps over theend of the pin 146thereby locking it in permanent position until removed by a reversal ofthe above operation.

`When the last shot has been fired and the magazine emptied, thefollower plate 62 is elevated to a position between the barrel andbreech block in a manner to lock the latter in its rear position whenthe lug 80 of the` safety device is in line with notch 83 of the breechblock, leaving the safety in position tobe' manually operated. Themovement of the safety moves back the breech block slightly, releasingthe follower plate which heretofore has held it in its rear position.Coincident with this movement of the safety device the cut-away portionof its shank 7 8 is rotated out of position with the sears and triggerprojection presenting its cylindrical surface which serves to lock saidsears and trigger. The gun is now in a position to receive la newmagazineload after which, the safety device may be moved to firingposition allowing the recoil spring to close the action therebyinserting the top cartridge and releasing the sears and trigger inreadiness for firing. This action of the safety device in holding thebreech block back coincidentally with locking the firing actionprecludes any possibility of premature discharge of the gun duringloading orprior to closing of the' action.

In addition to the above action and at the same time, the automatic sear84 is also lockj ing the trigger, in rear position, by virtue of thearrowhead 87 of the latch 88k being depressed into engagement with camnotch 86 becauseof the rear position of the slide bolt 92 which lockedrelation is maintained until the gun action is finally closed,vasoutlined in the above paragraph descriptive of the hand safety deviceduring reloading.

The operation of the gun as described is as follows z-with the firing ofthe gun, gas is passed, after passing of the bullet, through the ports109 and 108 into the gas cylinder 106, the expansion of which gas insaid chamber serves to drive the piston 112 rearward in its tubularcylinderV 106 against the action of the recoil spring 122 mounted on theguide tube 121 whose other end is fixed in the forward end of thereceiver and held by the screw 52.

The rearward movement of this piston, its piston rod, the aixed actionyoke 115, and the action bar 123 is effected by the movement of thepiston, with the result that the connected upper ends of the toggleactuating control links 129 are also carried rearward causing their endswhich are connected with the short toggle 132 to raise it suflicientlyto break the toggle and carry the .joint C of the short toggle link fromthe position shown in Fig. to that shown in Figs. 4 and 27 at theextreme of its travel. This operation of the toggle links slides thebreech block rearward upon its way in a manner to cause the extractor towithdraw the exploded shell, eject it from the gun, as it strikes theknockout lug 82, at the same time cocking the hammer, releasing anadditional cartridge from the well, and allowing the top cartridge inthe well to spring up in position to be shoved forward into the barrelwith the return of the breech block. This return movement followsquickly and automatically by reason of the reaction ofthe spiral spring122 which had previously been compressed by the rearward movement of thepiston. The forward movement of the action bar 123 is caused by therecoil spring, thereupon A in position to be fired by again pulling thevtrigger, whereupon the cycle are repeated.

of operations In some forms of guns an inertia weight may be substitutedfor thepiston in which case the action yoke and action bar would connectdirectly with the upper toggle actuating links 129, thereby functioningthe gun by resultant energy and not direct, inasmuch as the weiglzt isaccelerated by the rearward recoil of the gun, checked by the shoulderof the operator, the rifle being thus checked, the weight continues to'move rearwardly and functions the gun in identical manner with the gasenergy as above described. In still other applications of the toggle andcontrolling links of my invention, the barrel itself may be therecoiling member in which case the joint A of the controlling link willbe vfixed. .In all applications, however, it is a relative and not anactual change of the members which is affected to suit the ballisticconditions. A

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secureby, Lette Patent is:

1. In a. gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separablein coincidingl rectilinear manner, pairs of toggle links whose operativeends are connected to said barrel and block respectively, and actuatinglinks having one end connected to one link of each toggle pairs neartheir mutual joints for operating and locking the toggle links, which inturn and in consequence operates and locks the barrel and breech blocktogether. l

2. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable incoinciding rectilinear manner, long and short link toggle pairs whoseoperative ends are connected to said barrel and block respectively, andan actuating link .with one end connected to the short leg of the togglepairs near the mutual joints for operating and locking the toggle links,which in turn and in consequence operates and locks the barrel and blocktogether.

3. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable incoinciding rectilinear manner, long and short link toggle pairs whoseoperative ends are connected to said barrel and block respectively, andan actuating link with one end connected to the short leg of the togglepairs near the mutual joints for operating and locking the toggle links,which in turn and in consequence operates and locks the barrel and blocktogether, said mutual joints or connected ends of the toggle pairs beingadapted to rotate about the operative ends of the short links.

4. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable incoinciding rectilinear manner, long and short toggle pairs whoseoperative ends are connected to said barrel and block, and actuatinglinks with one end connected to one of the toggle links adjacent themutual joints and which mutual joints of the toggle pairs are adaptedwhen closed to align with but forward of one lof said operative ends ona common center line.

' 5. In a gun, the combination of av barrel and a breech block separablein coinciding rectilinear manner, long and short toggle pairs whoseoperative ends are connected to said barrel and block, and actuatinglinks with one end connected toone of the toggle links adjacent themutual joints and which mutual joints of the toggle pairs are adaptedywhen closed to align with but forward of one of said operative ends on acommon center line, said mutual joints of the toggle pairs being;adapted to rotate about 'an operative end of one of the toggle links.

6. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel and a lbreechblock, of toggle links whose operative ends are connected to the breechblock and barrel respectively for opening and closing operations of thegun, an actuating link one end of which is pivotally connected to one ofsaid toggle links intermediate its ends for operating the toggle linksin a manner to move the same in a coinciding rectilinear manner n theopening and closing of a gun breech.

7. In an automatic gun, the combination of a gun barrel, a breech block,of long and short toggle links whose operative ends are connected to thebreech block and barrel respectively for the opening and closingoperations of the gun, and actuating links connected to the short linksintermediate its ends for operating the toggle links in a manner to movethe same in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closingof a gun breech. 4

8. In a gun, the combination of a gun barrel` a breech block, a long andshort toggle link whose operative ends are connected to the breech blockand barrel respectively and adapted to move in a coinciding rectilinearmanner in the opening and closing of a gun action, and an actuating linkone end of which is pivotally connected to the short link intermediateits ends for operating the toggle,

' which connected end in closed position aligns with and forward of oneof said operatingv ends.

9. In a gun, thecombination of a gun barrel, a breech block, a togglecomprising a long and a short link whose operative ends are connected tothe breech block and barrel respectively, and an actuating linkconnected to the short link intermediate its ends and whose mutuallyconnected ends are adapted, when closed, to align with and forward of pne of said operating ends on a mutual center 10. In a gun, thecombination with a gun barrel and a breech block, of a toggle comprisinga long and a short link whose operative ends are connected to the breechblock and barrel respectively, and an actuating link connected to theshort link intermediate its ends, and whose mutually connected ends areadapted to travel about the operative ends of the short links.

ll. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel and a breechblock, of a toggle comprising a connected pair of links whose operativeends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively and anactuating link connected to one of said toggle links intermediate itsends for operating the toggle, the connected mutual ends of said togglelinks adapt-ed to travel about the operative end of one of said togglelinks and to align with and forward of one of said operating ends.

l2. In an automatic gun, the combination of a gun barrel, a receiver anda breech block,

longand short toggle links whose operative ends are connected to thereceiver and breech block respectively for the opening and closingoperations of the gun, and actuating links connected to the short linksintermediate their ends lfor operating the toggle links in a manner tomove the same in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening andclosing of a gun, the toggle links having lugs in engagement with thebreech and barrel for taking the explosive strain.

13. In an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver and gun barrel, abreech block, long and short toggle links whose operative ends are.connected to the breech block and barrel respectively for the openingand closing operations of the gun, and actuating links ends of which arepivotally connected to the short links intermediate its ends foroperating the toggle links in a manner to move the same in a coincidingrectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun breech,

the toggle links and said barrel and breech each having lugs to registerwith others to take the explosive strain.

14. In a gun, the combination of a receiver and gun barrel, a breechblock, a hiammer and trigger, a safety device including a pair of searseach having two depending arms, one each for engagement with the hammerand the remaining arm to engage and be operated by the trigger wherebysaid sears may be made to alternately engage or disengage the hammerwith the different positionings of the trigger.

15. In a gun, the combination of a gun barrel and a breech block, ahammer, a trigger, connections intermediate the' hammer, sears andtrigger, sears for holding and releasing the former, a4 safety deviceadapted to be moved into and out of the path of movement of the trigger,said safety device also including a lug for engagement with the breechblock to lock the same with the locking of the trigger.

16. In a gun, the combination with a gun barrel and breech block, ahammer, a'pair of sears, a trigger, a safety for the trigger and searsincluding a rotatable shaft-like member having one side cut-away toclear engagement of the sears with the hammer to hold it in a cockedposition, a rotatable safety device positioned adjacent to the triggerand arm of sears having a cut-away portion to receive said trigger andscar when in firing lposition and adapted to be moved out of "nected toonelof said toggle links fory operating the latter. v

19. In an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver, a gun barrelsecured thereto, a breech block slidably mounted on the receiver, anaction yoke slidably mounted upon the barrel, means for reciprocatingthe yoke, an action bar connected with the yoke, a toggle intermediatethe receiver and breech,

means carried by the action bar and connected to the toggle foroperating the latter, a hammer and trigger mechanism, a safety devicehaving means for locking the trigger againstiring and to, hold thebreech block against .premature forward movement when loadin v20. n anautomatic gun, the combination of a receiver, a gun barrelsecuredthereto, a breech block slidably mounted on the receiver, atrigger and hammer, an action yoke slidably mounted upon the barrel, anaction bar connected to the yoke, a toggle comprising links whoseoperative ends are connected to the receiver and breech blockrespectively, a hand bolt connected with the action yoke, a safety barconnected to the trigger, a latch adapted to engage and lock the safetybar and trigger against movement by the operation of the hand bolt.

21. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel, a receiver,a gun action having a-.breech lblock separable from the i barrel, atoggle comprisingl a connected pair of links whose operative ends areconnected to the breech block and receivervrespectively, a thirdactuating link one end of which is pivotally ,connected to one of saidtoggle links intermediate its ends for operating the tog'- gle and'locking same in closed position, the connected mutual ends of saidtoggle links adapted to travel about the yoperative end of one of saidtoggle links and to align with and forward of one of said operatingends.

22. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel,a receiver, abreech block, a hammer, 4a trigger, a pair of pivotally hung searseachhaving a pair of arms one of each to engage the hammer and the otherto engage thetrigger whereby the hammer is engaged and disengaged by themovement of the trigger, spring means to manually hold the sears inengagement with the hammer, a safety de-.

vice ,to block and jfree both lthe sears and trigger to control theiroperation, and means for of a gun barrel, a receiver to which it issecured and breech block, a gas chamber having ports communicating withthe bore of the barrel, a piston mounted in the gas chamber,

a spring yfor operating the piston in one direction, a slidably mountedaction yoke connected with the piston to be operated in one direction bythe action thereof and in the opposite direction by said spring, anaction bar connected with the yoke, a toggle intermediate the receiverand breech block comprising long and short toggle links whose operativeends are connected to the breech block and receiver respectively, anactuating link carried by the action bar and connected with the shortlink of the toggle intermediate its ends for operating the toggle toopen and close the breech.

24. In an automatic gun, the combination with a receiver having a gunbarrel mounted therein, of a breech block slidably mounted upon thereceiver, means for opening and closing the breech through a togglecomprising a long and short link, an action yoke slidably mounted uponthe barrel and having actuating connections with the short links of thetoggle, and ahand action bolt connected with the slidable action yokefor operating the latter, the toggles and breech block.

25. In an automatic gun, the combination of a gun barrel, a breech blockslidably mounted with respect thereto, means forl actuating the breechblock including a pair of toggles including a long and short link, aslidable action yoke, an acti-on bar to which actuating links areconnected, a hand action bolt connected to operate the action yoke, ahammer and trigger, and a safety bar connected with the firing mechanismand interlocking the hand action bar for locking the firing mechanismwhen action is not closed.

26. A gun action mechanism comprising a.

slidable action bar and means for operating the same, a pair ofactuating links having aligned pivotal connections with said bar, a pairof toggles, each comprising a long and short link hingedly connectedtogether,said

action links also having aligned pivotal con' nections with. said shortlinks whereby the mutually connected ends of said toggles are adapted totravel about the opposite ends of the short links.

which is pivotally connected to the short link intermediate its endsandwhose mutually connected end is adapted to travel about the operativehinged end connected to the receiver and to align with and forward ofsaid hinged end.

28. In `an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver and gun-barrel,a breech block, a hammer and trigger Within the receiver, a safetydevice including a sear for engagement with the hammer' and trigger in amanner t0 lock the hammer with respect to the position of the trigger,an operatable safety member for engaging and disengaging both thetrigger and Sear in a way to block and free the same.

29. In an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver and gun barrel, abreech block, a hand action bolt for operating the gun, an automaticsafety for locking the trigger either forward or back if the breech isnot fully closed, comprising a latch adapted to engage the hand bolt, asldably mounted safety bar connected with the trigger and adapted toengage the latch if depressed fromany but closed position of the handaction bolt end.

Si ed at Bridgeport, in the county of Fair eld and State of Connecticut,this 14th day of November, A. D. 1929.

CHARLES SCHNEIDER COLE,

